Review of Studies on Ground Vibrations and the Future Needs for Research.

Fragmentation using explosives by blasting is the most economical, cheapest and fastest method of rock fragmentation and loosening material from the host rock, making it suitable for excavation. Blasting performance is generally affected by the structure and rock properties of the rock mass. As mine sizes and excavation activities in civil engineering increase, the volume of rock blasted per blast is also increasing.

Blasting can produce undesirable effects such as overbreak, ground vibrations, noise, air overpressure and fumes, which, if not controlled, may cause damage to nearby neighbourhoods and structures.

The objective of this paper is to review research conducted on blast-induced ground vibrations and broadly identify the existing research gaps. Previous research has focused on methods for controlling ground vibrations and associated damage, establishing permissible limits, developing empirical formulas for accurate prediction of ground vibrations, and improving prediction models.

The research also considers factors such as ground surface conditions, charge length, the accuracy and inaccuracy of delay detonators and their acceptable limits, geological structures including jointing patterns, geomechanical properties of rock, strata changes, and improvements in prediction formulas through cloud computing, IoT (Internet of Things), and data mining.

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